The fuzzy theory with fuzzy rule is employed to indicate the uncertainty data.

模糊理论利用模糊规则来表示具有不确定性的数据；

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In the last century, Claude Shannon demonstrated that adding more data is needed to decrease uncertainty in data transmissions, prompting the creation of another source of data.

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Regardless of impressive strength from Cisco on strong earnings and Facebook despite a lock-up expiration, weak economic data, uncertainty over the fiscal cliff, and the escalation of a military conflict between Israel and Palestine have conspired to keep the pressure on equities.

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To develop these algorithms the 60 researchers involved used techniques that include game theory (in which agents have to overcome barriers to collaboration in order to get the best outcome), probabilistic modelling (which is employed to predict missing data and reduce uncertainty) and optimisation techniques (which can provide means of making decisions when communications between agents are limited).

ECONOMIST: Artificial intelligence