This makes sure that the organization heads in the right direction in their marketing and not goes through a trial and error phase to learn the hard facts by spending money needlessly.

这保证了组织在市场中的正确方向，不必白花不必要的资金，在尝试和错误之后才懂得残酷的现实。

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According to NASA spokesman Ken Davidian, the space agency spends huge sums in the trial and error phase of testing an idea.

NPR: School Bus Driver Wins NASA Contest