The experimental evidence suggests that a particularly good way of activating the cell-killing arm of the immune system is to use two vaccines based on different antigens. One primes the response and the other boosts it—hence the technique's name. In the case of RV144 the boosting vaccine, AIDSVAX, had been the subject of a previous trial in Thailand, and also of one in North America and Europe. Those two trials, intended to raise a traditional antibody-based response, were regarded at the time as the best hope for an effective vaccine. They were a bitter disappointment. When they reported in 2003 they showed no benefit whatsoever. They did, however, show that AIDSVAX was safe, and although it was abandoned by its commercial backers at the time, it was picked up by a Californian charity called Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases.
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So far, none of those bodies have been human, but a few types of printed replacement parts could be ready for human trials in two to five years.
目前为止,人类还没有接受过这样的移植手术,但未来两到五年内会有一些打印好的可替代器官进入人体试验进程。
In two other clinical trials still going on, patients taking Vytorin have also been more likely to die from cancer than those not taking it.
另外两个临床试验还在继续,服用Vytorin的病人也比未服用的更有可能死于癌症。
Among the enzymes tested were two that are similar to those being used in clinical trials.
在受测试的酶中,有两种与临床试验中使用的类似。
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