In some cases, this functionality is implemented in hardware by an internal microcontroller and is therefore transparent to the upper-level file system.

在某些情况下，可以通过一个内部微控制器在硬件中实现，因此对于上层文件系统是透明的。

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It provides a number of functions that are used by upper - and lower-level drivers and, therefore, serves as the glue between these two distinct layers.

它提供了很多可供较高层和较低层驱动器使用的函数，因而可以充当这两层间的连接层。

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Therefore, study on the deformation and breakage law of upper and down floor of coal layer, the character of formation, each fault factor are the key problem for prevention the water inrush.

因此，对煤层顶底板的变形破坏规律、构造特征以及断层各要素的研究都是防治奥灰岩含水层突水的关键问题。

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Mr Blair could then find himself on the wrong side of the argument: knocking down the hereditaries but obstructing calls for an upper house that is elected and therefore better able to check the over-mighty Commons.

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Meanwhile, this Emergency Manager is likely to come from the upper income bracket, and therefore pay a lower rate of income tax than you are.

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When disbelieving persons asked Psalmanazar why he was so fair and light-eyed and different-looking than they expected, he had a ready answer: the upper classes lived underground and were therefore pigmented like him.

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