）行业新进入者的威胁（Potential Entry of New Competitors）；（2）替代品的威胁（The Threat of Substitutes Products）；（3）购买商的议价能力（Bargaining Power of Buyer）；（4）供应商的议价能力（Bargaining Power of Supplier ）；..
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Threat of substitute products: a segment is unattractive if there exists actual or potential substitutes for the product &this place a limit on the potential prices &profits.
替代产品的威胁：如果存在现有的或潜在的替代品，区间也不怎么有吸引力，因为潜在的价格和利润很有限。
A startup gains pricing power when it creates tremendous value for its users and defend its products from the threat of substitutes and new entrants.
当一个创业公司为用户带来巨大的价值，并能保护他的产品不受替代品和新进入者的威胁，它就拥有了定价能力。
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