Fertility rates in many European nations and Japan have dropped below the replacement rate, causing concern that shortages of labor and productivity could threaten the quality of life.

许多欧洲国家和日本的生育率已经下降到人口置换率以下，这让人们担心，劳动力短缺和生产力下降将威胁生活质量。

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Resistance to mainstay antimicrobials is occurring at a rate that outpaces the development of replacement drugs.

主要抗菌素耐药性的出现速度超过了研制替代药物的速度。

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the fertility rate of half the world is now 2.1 or less—the magic number that is consistent with a stable population and is usually called “the replacement rate of fertility”.

世界上一半的地区，生育率仅为2.1%，甚至更低。 这一比率通常被称作“生育替代率”，标志着人口数量的稳定。

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The American fertility rate is around the replacement rate of 2.1, compared with 1.4 for Germany and Italy, where populations are in decline.

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The last time it was above the replacement rate of two was in 1976.

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The pattern of swift, uninterrupted decline is now taken as the norm: the UN uses it to project a worldwide convergence towards the replacement rate of fertility (2.1, the rate at which a population stabilises in the long term).

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