Referent Power: Power that comes from subordinates' and coworkers' respect for the personal characteristics of a leader which earns their loyalty and admiration.

专家权力：权力是基于特殊的知识，技能和专门知识，具有领导。

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Note that what distinguishes each leadership style above is not the personal characteristics of the leader, but rather the nature and needs of those who are being led.

要注意到，区分上述不同领导方式的，不是领导者个人的性格特点，而是受领导者的禀性和需求。

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The path-goal model proposes two classes of contingency variables- those in the environment and those that are part of the personal characteristics of the subordinate.

路径目标模型提出两类权变变量，环境变量和下属的个人变量可能会偶然性的发生变化。

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For instance, if you look at newspaper reports about murders, in cultures like the United States the report tends to emphasize the personal characteristics of the person accused of the murder.

例如在报纸上看到一宗谋杀宗，像美国这样的文化就会着重于报道,被指控为凶手的人的性格特点。

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But while the public takes issue with Obama in certain arenas, two-thirds continue to believe that he has the leadership skills and personal characteristics a president should have, which may explain why his overall approval is higher than his rating on the issues of public concern.

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"But the public appears more attracted to Obama's personal characteristics than his stand on the issues, and they don't think he can end partisan gridlock in Washington, one of the key messages of Obama's presidential campaign, " Holland said.

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For instance, performance metrics can put a higher priority on the human characteristics that contribute to integrity at a personal level.

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