When using expenditure approach identity to measure the contributions of its components to GDP, the result is that net export only contributes a little to GDP, or import contributes negative to GDP.

在支出法恒等式中进口是负值，利用支出法恒等式测算其各组成部分对GDP的贡献，得到的结果是净出口仅对GDP作出很小的贡献，或者进口对GDP是负贡献。

youdao

The techniques for assessing value of intellectual property include a cost approach and the aggregate expenditure to develop it.

评估知识产权价值的技术，包括成本法和研发总支出。

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Events of the past few days have, however, added new urgency to the Center's repeated calls for a more responsible approach to the expenditure of precious taxpayer resources in Russia.

CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: Center For Security Policy