The up-front cost associated with moving an organization from traditional, established ways-of-working to new ones is often perceived as prohibitive.

与将组织从传统的，以建立的工作方式转移到新的上面相关的预先成本常常被视为禁止的。

youdao

Specifically, the cells in question were the ones responsible for making the precursors of dopamine, a signalling molecule with a well-established role in generating the sensation of pleasure.

具体来说，有关的细胞是负责制造多巴胺的原始化合物，多巴胺是在产生满足感中充当重要角色的信号分子。

youdao

The best way out for the established drugs industry would be to find lots of clever new blockbusters to replace the ones going off-patent.

对已成型的制药业来说，最好的方法就是找到许多新的畅销药来取代专利将要过期的药品。

youdao

Now potentially to some of the other things as well, but these are the main ones, and these links have been very clearly established.

同时它还和其他一些疾病存在潜在关系,但主要就是这几项,并且关系十分明确

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

They believe consumers have new motivations and culture, new habits and new sensibilities that their brand can key into a lot more viscerally than the established ones.

FORBES: The Next Generation Challenger Challenges the Establishment Brand

The new factories are a generation ahead of the old-established ones, in technology and in efficiency.

ECONOMIST: Double parked

Sure, there were options abuses during the 1990s, but many of the egregious ones came from large, established companies that were the antithesis of new, high-risk start-ups.

FORBES: Fact and Comment