At that point, the "Holy Roman" emperor, Henry iv, gives ground in a bitter power struggle with the papacy, begs the Pope's forgiveness and is readmitted to the good graces of the church.

此时，“神圣罗马”的君主亨利八世在同罗马教宗的艰苦权利争斗中缴械，恳请教皇原谅，并且重新承认了教堂的大恩大德。

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Guide: the Charles Bridge was built in the 14th century by the Emperor Charles IV. It is very well 2 fortified by towers on both sides.

导游：查尔斯桥于14世纪由查尔斯四世建造，两端的塔楼极大地增强了桥的防御能力。

youdao

Small wonder (but wondrous all the same) that the emperor Henry IV stood in the snow on Christmas day 1077 to publicly repent of his acts of oppression against the Church and so began the investiture controversy which eventually broke the back of statism and led to the rise of modern liberty.

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Pope Gregory VII may have humiliated the Emperor Henry IV, as Innocent III later humiliated Philip Augustus of France and King John of England.

ECONOMIST: Medieval history

In 1214, Philip II of France beat an allied English, Flemish and German army under Otto IV, the Holy Roman Emperor, at the Battle of Bouvines.

CNN: Monday,