Whereas large animals swim by pushing against water with their fins or limbs, this approach is ineffective at very small scales.
而大型动物通过用它们的鳍或肢体滑水的方式游泳，这种方式在微观比例下是低效率的。
Fish of the family Rajidae, which includes stingrays and skate, swim by flicking the outer edges of their fins.
鳐鱼科，包括黄貂鱼和灰鳐，通过击打鳍的末端向前游动。
Many fish larvae hatch without fully formed pectoral fins and all hatch without a swim bladder, so similar problems could occur for them.
很多小鱼孵化出来时，胸鳍还没有完全成形，而且所有的鱼孵化时都还没有形成鱼鳔。所以，它们可能会面临相似的不善于游泳的问题。
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