Coating by physical vapour deposition (PVD), coating by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and surface layer modification by ion implantation, all three are being tested and are partly in use.
涂层的化学气相沉积(CVD)和表面层改性的物理气相沉积(PVD)涂层的离子注入，所有三个正在受到考验，并部分使用。
The methods of modification included the surface covering of graphite with a layer of disorganized carbon or a film of appropriate metal, surface oxidation, mechanical grinding and doping.
修饰与改性方法包括形成包敷层和金属层、表面氧化、机械研磨以及掺杂等方法。
Recent developments and applications of laser surface modification, i. e. laser surface melting, laser surface alloying, laser cladding and laser multi-layer cladding were reviewed in detail.
综述了激光表面改性(激光表面重熔、激光表面合金化、激光表面熔敷、激光多层熔敷)的研究与应用。
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