So when I translate such kind of play, I am translating the language on the surface on one hand, I am trying to develop and tell people some meaning under the meanings.
当我翻译这类作品时，一方面，要翻译出表面的意思，另一方面，我还要尽力把表面之下的涵义挖掘出来。
However, cognitive linguistics apply cognitive operation beneath the surface of language to analyze the generating process of meaning.
认知语言学则从潜藏在语言表面之下的认知操作来分析意义的生成过程。
He can understand not only its surface meaning decided by vocabulary and grammar, but also the real purpose of the writer in using a particular piece of language.
他能理解，它不仅取决于表层意义的词汇和语法，而且作者的真正目的使用某块的语言。
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