For surface crack in pipe, this paper presents the finite element model including line spring element that is used for J integration calculation, as well as numerical examples.
对管道上的表面裂纹采用线弹簧单元，建立了裂纹管道J积分计算的有限元模型，给出了J积分的计算实例。
A practical and effective calculation method of water surface line and bed pressure on curved beds of channels is presented in this paper.
给出了一个实用、有效的曲面急变流水面线及床面压力的计算方法。
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