In this paper, a solid phase material fire experimental bed, which has more slope segments, has been used to simulate upslope forest surface fire.

应用自行研制的“多坡段固相材料火蔓延实验台”，模拟森林地表火的蔓延过程，对变坡度情况下森林地表上坡火行为规律进行了实验研究。

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Cleveland's Cuyahoga River caught on fire because of industrial wastes on the surface of the river.

VOA: special.2011.07.31

When the leaking oil hit a hot surface, the fire ignited.

CNN: STORY HIGHLIGHTS

Mr. DONATO: And unavailable to surface flames when a fire comes through, whereas after logging, they're all on the ground where they can fuel a fire.

NPR: Study: Salvage Logging Boosts Forest-Fire Threat

"The fact that the plane landed on a soft surface and that there was no fire helped keep the number of fatalities low, " he said.

BBC: Turkish plane crash in Amsterdam