That's why MESSENGER is loaded with instruments to determine the surface composition.

这就是为什么信使装着工具，以确定它的表面组成。

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Surface porosity, surface composition and surface tension are all relevant factors.

表面孔率、面组分及表面张力也都是相关因素。

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The color difference could yield surface composition clues to the violent history of Mimas.

颜色差异可能提供土卫一表面组成的线索以了解其动荡的历史。

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We've learned how to identify and catalog cells according to the composition of proteins on the surface and those proteins that distinguish a cell are often called marker proteins.

我们学会了如何按照表面的蛋白成分,来识别并分类细胞,而这些用来区别细胞的蛋白,通常称为标记蛋白

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Since cosmic radiation alters surface composition, Curiosity can drill into rock to extract pristine material from below.

CNN: Curiosity opening Martian frontier?

Phase II, planned for 2011, will identify both aquifers down to 3, 000 meters below the surface, study soil composition and aquifer replenishment, and prioritize areas for agricultural development.

UNESCO: launches initiative to identify groundwater and alleviate water shortages in Iraq | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

Observations of the material coating the dark face of Iapetus indicate it has a similar composition to the surface material on Phoebe.

BBC: New ring detected around Saturn