In this paper, this constraint is discussed. For the space curve with length constraint and the surface of revolution area constraint, algorithms and estimation of the error are given.
本文就此进行了讨论，对有弧长约束的空间曲线及有面积约束的旋转曲面问题，分别给出了相应的算法及误差估计。
In order to estimate the reliability of surface area measurement, interval estimation must be given together with point estimation.
为了对比表面测定结果的可靠性作出估算，除了给出点估算值外，还应同时给出区间估算直。
The appearance of heterogeneity can be observed widely in nature. The surface heterogeneities have different impacts on the estimation of area-averaged flux for different parameterization schemes.
地表的非均匀性是普遍存在的，对不同的地表通量参数化方案来说，地面非均匀性对对网格区面积平均通量计算的影响程度可能不同。
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