Assertion: Use assertions to check relationships between fields — for example, the purchase order's total is the sum of the order lines.

断言：使用断言检查字段之间的关系，比如订单中的总量是各行之和。

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Message Digests are secure, one-way hash functions that convert arbitrary length data into fixed-length check sum / hash code.

消息摘要是一个安全的、单向的哈希函数，把任意长度的数据转化成固定长度的校验和/哈希码。

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For a message digest, the strength of the algorithm is determined by the size of the hash or check sum that the algorithm generates.

对于消息摘要，算法的长度由算法生成的哈希码或者校验和决定。

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Last year, both Ford and General Motors took bold new steps by offering lump-sum payments to white-collar retirees in lieu of a monthly pension check.

FORBES: Ford's Leaky Pension Boat Is A Multi-Billion Dollar Problem

In June, GM said it will offer 42, 000 white-collar retirees in the U.S. a lump-sum payment in lieu of their monthly pension check and will transfer pension responsibility for 76, 000 others to a group annuity plan managed by Prudential Insurance.

FORBES: Leadership, Not Another Bailout, Will Fix GM (And No, It Is Not Going Bankrupt)