We should try to use new method and new information to transform graduate education from supervisor-oriented system to subject-oriented system.
本文提出引入“双新”概念（新方法、新信息），由导师中心制转向学科中心制。
IBM Research is also focusing on subject-oriented programming, which offers subjects — collections of classes or class fragments that have a unique "view" of a system.
IBM Research还致力于面向主题(subject)的编程，它提供主题—具有唯一系统“视图”的类或类片段的集合。
Focused crawler is a subject-oriented information retrieval system. It can meet the users' need and retrieve information that is relevant to some specific subjects from the web automatically.
聚焦爬虫是一种面向主题的信息搜集系统，可以根据用户需要从互联网上自动搜集到主题相关信息，在主题搜索引擎、站点结构分析等方面取得越来越广泛的应用。
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