A metal strain gauge on the surface of each membrane senses that deflection and generates a signal that indicates pressure.

在每片硅原子膜的表面有一个金属制压力感应器，能检测压力的大小并发出信号。

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The H1 and N1 in the name of the new strain refer to proteins on the virus's surface.

H1和N1是这一种新型病毒株表面蛋白名称。

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When the strain is removed, it forms a ripply surface, and the spacing of the ripples affects the colour of the laser light, which varies as the material is stretched.

当这种材料的表面产生张力时，就会产生类波纹状的表面，并且这改变还会影响激光器发出的颜色，并且会随着张力的改变而变色。

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Initial tests looking for "markers" on the surface of the bacterium showed it to be the O104 strain, which the World Health Organization said was rare, had been seen in humans before, but never in an outbreak.

BBC: Q&A: E. coli outbreak