They arise from either augmented blood flow or a stenosed valve.
可导致舒张中晚期杂音的病症包括：二尖瓣或三尖瓣狭窄；
Objective: To investigate the clinical diagnosis and surgery of lumbar disc protrusion with stenosed nerve root canal.
目的：探讨腰椎间盘突出症合并神经根管狭窄的临床诊断与治疗。
Objective Try to find out the feasibility and curative effect of the treatment of DAVF with stenosed drainage vein by implantation of stent.
目的探讨通过静脉支架植入改善硬脑膜动静脉瘘引流，治疗伴引流静脉狭窄的硬脑膜动静脉瘘的可行性及疗效。
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