The equivalent viscous damping ratio and the equivalent natural frequency are obtained by comparing the system with a purely linear, spring-mass-damper system of single freedom.

通过和单自由度线性弹簧-质量-阻尼系统进行比较，得到该带裂缝梁结构的等效自然频率和等效粘滞阻尼比。

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Real vehicle system includes large Numbers of nonlinear component, such as spring, damper, rubber bushing, tire and so on.

实际轿车系统中大量存在非线性元件，例如弹簧、阻尼器、橡胶衬套以及轮胎等均具有非线性特性。

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Hydraulic damper, a key component of the locomotive truck, together with spring, composes the spring-damper system.

液压减振器是转向架上一个很重要的部件，它与弹簧一起构成弹簧减振装置。

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