金融危机的国际传导主要包括基于“溢出效应”(Spillovers Effects)等渠道的接触性传导以及基于“季风效应”(Monsoonal Effects)和“传染效应”(ContagionEffects)等渠道的非接触性传导。
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There's the obvious problems of spillovers, cascading housing price depreciation, lack of mobility, abandoned properties and the effects on neighborhoods, etc.
目前的明显问题有:人口外流,房价大幅贬值,缺乏流动性,被遗弃的地产及对社区的影响等。
The effects of change of spillovers on R&D expenditures, outputs, profits, consumer surplus and social welfare are analyzed under every case.
在每种情况下,都讨论了溢出的变动对R&D支出、产量、利润、消费者剩余和社会福利的影响。
Economic effects of knowledge spillovers bring into play due to spatial distance, market structure, accepting ability, social networks.
知识溢出的经济效应的发挥受到空间距离、市场结构、接受能力和社会网络等因素的影响。
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