This paper introduces an improved specification-based approach to process the network data.

引入了一种基于规范的处理网络数据的方法，并对其进行了改进与扩展。

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Next, it describes issues and challenges in testing component-based software, and proposes a component specification-based test model for component-based software.

接下来，本文描述了在测试基于组件的软件系统时出现的问题和挑战，并提出了一个基于组件规格说明的测试模型。

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This layer consists of a dynamically generated XML specification based on input parameters of the day, month and year.

这一层包括基于输入参数(日期、月份和年)自动生成的XML规范。

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Under the PPP route the specification is "output" based - the authority will specify the level of service it wants delivered and leave the private sector to decide on the best way to deliver that particular service.

BBC: How private bids work

Based on the proven IEEE 802.11 standard specification for long-term stability, WiGig offers the same level of security and manageability as today's best WLAN technologies.

ENGADGET: Dell ships its WiGig-based Wireless Dock, gives your Latitude a home base for $249 (video)

Yet increasing the specification only makes sense for people who want to run (and to pay for) Windows and specific Windows-based applications.

ECONOMIST: Rational consumer