Data sparsity problem is a potential challenge of collaborative filtering.

数据稀缺性问题是协同过滤技术面临的主要挑战。

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Aiming at the problem of data sparsity for collaborative filtering, a novel rough set-based collaborative filtering algorithm is proposed.

针对协同过滤中的数据稀疏问题，提出了一种基于粗集的协同过滤算法。

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But, with expansion of E-commerce system's size, collaborative filtering approach suffer from many challenges, for instance, quality of recommendations, scalability, sparsity, cold-start problem.

电子商务系统规模的日益扩大，协同过滤推荐方法也面临诸多挑战：推荐质量、可扩展性、数据稀疏性、冷开始问题等等。

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