Model checking based on decision diagram causes memory explosion in integer multiplier verification. An efficient solution to this problem is backward substitution method.

采用基于决策图的模型检验方法对整数乘法器验证时会出现内存爆炸，解决该问题的一种有效途径是采用反向替换方法。

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Lagrange solution is employed to convert the constrained optimization problem and bisection method is used to reach a fast convergence in searching for the optimize Lagrange multiplier.

该算法利用拉格朗日算法将约束条件下的最优化问题进行转化，并采用对分算法加快搜索最优拉格朗日乘子的收敛速度。

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