① 关闭数据库(shutdown database)就是把SGA中的数据读取出来，存放到数据文件和联机日志文件中。此时控制文件还是处于打开的状态，实例和数据库还处于关联状态。
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database shutdown 脱机备份 ; 冷备份脱机备份
However, the pages will need to be written to disk at some point, which could be as late as during database shutdown.
然而，这些页需要在某一时刻写到磁盘上，这个时刻可能会在数据库关闭时才会轮到。
Close and shutdown the database connection.
关闭和停止数据库连接。
Offline backup is the backup of all the physical database files after a normal database shutdown.
脱机备份是正常关闭数据库之后，对所有物理数据库文件执行的备份。
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