X ray scattering and diffraction are sensitive to thin film materials that thickness is the several atomic layer to many tens micrometers.

X射线散射和衍射对于厚度为几个原子层到几十微米的薄膜材料是灵敏的。

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Rigid body motion, surface errors, surface roughness, surface scattering and diffraction are mainly reasons which affect image quality of the X-ray imaging telescopes.

镜片刚体运动误差、表面误差、表面粗糙度、表面散射和衍射是影响X射线成像望远镜成像质量的主要因素。

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Because of wavelength of sound at low frequencies being close to the dimensions of small enclosures, scattering and diffraction in the course of sound radiation can not be ignored.

在小尺度封闭空间内，声波低频成分的波长与空间尺寸相当，声音在传播过程中所发生的散射、衍射等波动现象不容忽视。

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