Cutting force, grinding force and surface roughness of grinding are the most important parameters to scale machine progress, thus precision methods for them is needed in engineering.

切削力、磨削力和磨削表面粗糙度是表征切削加工和磨削加工的最重要特征量，对它们进行预测分析和过程控制具有十分重要的意义。

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Experiments indicate that the fractal scale, together with the fractal dimension can effectively reflect the fractal scale range of natural textures and the texture roughness within the scale range.

实验表明，将纹理图像的分形尺度与分形维数结合，既反映了物理表面分形的尺度范围又反映了该尺度范围内的纹理粗糙程度，从而更有效地描述和区分纹理特征。

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This paper discusses the similarity criteria of air flow model, the selection of scale, equipment and instrument, and the calibration of model roughness.

本文探讨了气流模型的相似准则，比尺选择，设备仪器及模型加糙方法。

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