Even where cutting jobs is costly, it is unavoidable given the scale of the fall in GDP.

尽管在这些地方裁员是有成本的，但是在现有的GDP的状况下裁员不可避免。

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Most chips produced commercially currently operate at the 45nm scale, while cutting edge techniques are able to produce chips that operate at the 22 nanometer level.

目前大多数商业化生产的芯片多在45纳米，而最先进的技术所能生产的芯片在22纳米的水平。

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The White House order on cost-cutting is the latest in a series of small-scale initiatives Obama has been carrying out that do not require congressional approval.

奥巴马最近推出了一系列无需国会批准的小规模刺激措施，白宫削减开支的要求是最新一项。

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And Korea is quietly connecting its national labs, historically great technical universities, and public utilities to conduct large-scale tests of cutting-edge smart grid technologies.

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Short-term margins might see some further declines but Daimler expects the economies of scale and cost-cutting inititatives to improve its margins to around 8% from 2013.

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They lack the specialists, up-to-the-minute knowledge about cutting-edge science, and the scale to become the low-cost player in the industry.

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