The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers.

1858年，威廉·法尔（William Farr）首次发现了这一效应，他写道，寡妇和鳏夫的死亡风险比已婚同龄人高得多。

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Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well.

学者、决策者和各界批评人士都在讨论这些变化所带来的社会影响，但很少有人关注其副作用——家庭风险也在上升。

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The European: And what effect might that have on the probability of existential risk?

《欧洲人》：那会对存在风险的出现概率有什么影响？

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A lot of what we know ultimately about fat in the diet and risk for heart disease, risks for cancer from certain sort of diets, the protective effect of certain diets comes from studies that rely on just the kind of assessment that you guys just did.

我们最终了解的许多关于饮食中的脂肪,以及对心脏患病风险,一些特定饮食中存在的致癌风险,以及特定饮食中的保护作用的研究,都是以你们所做的这种评估为根据的

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

The word antidepressant covers a wide range of medications that have very different mechanisms of action and very different side effect and risk profiles.

CNN: What are antidepressants' long-term effects?

Thus, our study indicates that smoking mentholated cigarettes does not appear to influence risk over and above the effect of smoking per se.

FORBES: Will Removing Menthol From Cigarettes Improve Health?

And then when we heard about the high-risk pool and that it was in effect in July 1st, we got right onto it.

WHITEHOUSE: The Affordable Care Act & The Patient��s Bill of Rights