逆向物流一般可以分为回收物物流和废弃物物流两大类： （1）回收物流（returned logistics）是指不符合质量规格物品的返修、退货以及重 复使用的包装材料和容器从需求方返回到供应方这个过程中所形成的物品实体流动。
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Operational level In this level we mainly probe into the production and operational management of manufacturer supply chain in returned logistics.
运作层主要研究包含回收物流的制造商供应链生产与运作管理。
参考来源 - 基于供应链的回收物流研究·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
Strategic level This part studies mainly on the construction pattern of returned logistics.
战略层主要研究回收物流的构建模式。
Logistics may be divided into supply logistics, production logistics, distribution logistics, returned logistics and waste material logistics.
物流可以分成供应物流、生产物流、销售物流、回收物流和废弃物物流。
Operational level in this level we mainly probe into the production and operational management of manufacturer supply chain in returned logistics.
运作层主要研究包含回收物流的制造商供应链生产与运作管理。
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