First, a major applied research and development effort to improve design, lower costs, and develop global industry standards for cookstoves.

首先，要有一个重要的应用研究和开发项目，来改善设计、降低成本，并制定厨灶产业的全球性标准。

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Northrop Grumman, in partnership with the University of Minnesota, was awarded a research and development contract for the preliminary design of collaborative navigation algorithms.

诺斯罗普·格鲁门公司与明尼苏达大学获得一项协作导航算法初步设计的研究开发合同。

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Northrop Grumman, in partnership with Georgia Tech, was awarded a research and development contract for the preliminary design, development and testing of micro-resonator devices.

诺斯罗普·格鲁门公司与佐治亚理工学院合作，被授予了这份研发合同，负责微谐振器设备的初步设计、开发和测试。

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Some firms have given up manufacturing and turned to adding value through design and research and development.

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The new deal will create the Arctic Research and Design Center for Offshore Development in St.

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Cross, however, believes Dell needs to shift its focus to research and development and design, rather cranking out custom-built computers and selling them directly.

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