Relations between the central government and Barcelona have long been strained over issues such as devolution, distribution of revenues and local identity, and Montilla did not wish to serve up another pretext for raising tension between Catalonia and the rest of Spain.
In late 1988, relations between the United States and Germany were seriously strained when a long-running, secret conflict over U.S. allegations tying a German company, Imhausen, to the then-nearly complete Libyan chemical warfare plant at Rabta broke into public view.