The European Commission can dole out multibillion dollar fines to Microsoft and Intel because it centralizes antitrust regulation, but it leaves data protection and privacy regulation to EU member states.

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Since Pano got started in 2008, it has benefited from corporate regulation that protects data security and privacy, such as HIPAA and patient privacy laws.

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The regulation currently being discussed in the context of the future European General Data Protection Regulation, whereby a maximum fine of 2% of a company's annual turnover is provided for, would, on the other hand, enable violations of data protection laws to be punished in a manner that would be felt economically.

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