This paper gives a brief account of the external forces acting on the catamaran cross structure and the approximate formulas put forward by scholars abroad for calculating the external force.

本文简略叙述作用于双体船连桥上的外力和各国学者提出的几种计算外力的近似公式。

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WThe concept of "the use of the useless" in life put forward by Master Zhuang has been wrongly regarded by scholars in history as the passive, reclusive and individualist philosophy of life.

庄子所提出的“无用之用”的人生处世理念，历来被研究者认为是消极避世或个人主义的人生哲学，这未免有失偏颇。

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Although this phenomenon has been mentioned and sense-group reading is advocated by many scholars, few practical methods have been put forward.

虽然许多学者都指出这一点并且提倡按意群阅读，但未能提供具体的实施方法。

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And in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries this progression was viewed as an advance, which is not very surprising because the whole theory was put forward by scholars who were basically western monotheists.

在十八十九世纪，这个演变,被认为是一种进步，这并不奇怪,因为整个理论基本上都是由,西方一神论者提出的。

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