Function objects are an important part of generic programming because they allow abstraction not only over the types of objects, but also over the operations that are being performed.

函数对象是一个重要的普通程序的一部分，因为他们允许抽象比类型对象还要多，而且比它正在执行的操作还要多。

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On the other hand, object-oriented programming can be a very useful way to create abstraction, and thus resuable code.

另一方面，对于创建抽象从而创建可重用的代码来说，面向对象的编程可能是非常有用的方法。

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At the core of functional programming is the function, just as classes are the primary abstraction in object-oriented languages.

函数式编程的核心是函数，就像面向对象语言的主要抽象方法是类。

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Now these ideas of classes, object-oriented programming, data abstraction, are about 40 years old, they're not new ideas.

面向对象编程的概念，数据抽象的概念，都是40年前就有的老东西了。

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In fact, all programming exists at a certain level of abstraction, from machine language on up to preference settings in consumer user interfaces.

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The Cascalog system has combined the Cascading system for abstraction of advanced data processing on Hadoop and other systems, the Datalog declarative programming language that is well suited for expressing database queries in an abstract form, and the Clojure language to create a declarative language for queries that can be run on Apache Hadoop.

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Like fixing any jumble, software gets organized by putting like things in boxes--a process called "abstraction"--and it flourished in the coming years through techniques like object-oriented programming, which shapes the Internet's Java language.

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