For the sake of the limitation of product effect of the Probability-Effect Matrix, the paper adopts the Ideal Point Method which is often used in Multiple Attribute Decision Making.

在数量合成方法的选取上，为了克服传统的风险矩阵方法中乘积效应的缺陷，文章引入了在多属性决策中常用的理想点方法。

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The economic effect of population decline will, in all probability, be severe, long-lasting, and evident soon.

FORBES: Is China Running Out Of Workers?

Spending more time in school did reduce the probability of a teenage pregnancy, but on a much smaller scale than the effect of a pregnant sister.

BBC: Teenage pregnancy is 'contagious'