The formula of final error in the oxidant reduction titration is deduced according to the principle that the inconsistency of titrating final and chemical calculating point leads to the final error.
根据滴定终点与化学计量点不一致而导致终点误差这一原理，推导出氧化还原滴定的终点误差公式。
Based on the diffraction optical principle, a formula of the diffraction efficiency and etching depth error of the microlens is obtained.
基于衍射光学原理，获得了微透镜的衍射效率与蚀刻深度误差之间的关系式。
The principle of the analog-digital composite compensation technique is described and the factors causing fitting errors arc analyzed. The formula for calculating the maximum error is derived.
还叙述了模-数混合补偿技术的工作原理，分析了引起拟合误差的因素并推导出计算最大误差的公式。
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