Tobacco use, indoor and outdoor air pollution and occupational dusts and chemicals are the primary risk factors.

烟草使用、室内外空气污染与职业灰尘和化学品是主要的高危因素。

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Tobacco use and the burning of solid fuels for indoor heating and cooking are the primary risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) – a lung ailment – in women.

慢性阻塞性肺病：烟草使用以及用于室内取暖和做饭的固体燃料燃烧是使妇女罹患慢性阻塞性肺病（一种肺部疾病）的主要风险因素。

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The primary cause of COPD is tobacco smoke (including second-hand or passive exposure). Other risk factors include.

慢性阻塞性肺病的原发性原因是烟草烟雾(包括二手烟或被动接触)。

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Patients with primary hypertriglyceridemia be screened for other cardiovascular risk factors.

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