... Income Effect：收入效应 Price-Level Effect：价格效应 Expected-Inflation Effect：预期通货膨胀效应 ...
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To understand why, imagine the effect that a doubling of the price level would subsequently have on the two businesses.
要理解为什么，想象物价水平翻倍之后对这两个业务的影响。
In the meantime, the "dual ratchet effect" of consumer demand and price level triggers stable rise in real consumer demand, and the "wealth effect" strengthens the trend.
同时，消费需求与物价水平的“双棘轮效应”促使实际消费需求稳步增长，“财富效应”强化了消费需求增长趋势。
Thus, the scale enlargement of China's central cities pays the price of the declining of livable level and produces congested effect simultaneously.
可见，我国中心城市的规模扩张是以宜居程度下降为代价的，同时也产生了拥挤效应。
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