A ideal exam-paper formation algorithm of a no-paper examination system automatically makes a exam-paper to meet pre-demands of exam-grade distribution and exam-time.
无纸考试系统理想的组卷方式是根据试题得分概率和答题时间概率分布自动组卷，使所组卷子的预期考试成绩和答题时间数学期望和方差符合要求。
Time dependent gain characteristics and gain spatial distribution of X-ray pre-ionized pulse avalanche discharge XeC1 excimer laser have been measured.
本文测量了X光预电离脉冲雪崩放电准分子激光增益的时间和空间特性。
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