He suspects waterborne viruses such as polio, hepatitis a, and rotavirus (which causes diarrhea) could all potentially survive in ice.

他怀疑水传播的病毒，比如小儿麻痹症、甲型肝炎和轮状病毒(一种致婴儿和新生畜胃肠炎的病毒)都可能生存于冰中。

youdao

Since April 2008, cases due to type 1 polio genetically linked to viruses from northern Nigeria have been detected in Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Niger, Mali and Togo.

2008年4月以来，在贝宁、布基纳法索、加纳、尼日尔、马里和多哥发现了与尼日利亚北部病毒有基因关联的1型脊髓灰质炎病例。

youdao

For example, millions of polio viruses crowded together form only a speck.

例如，数百万个脊髓灰质炎病毒拥挤在一起，只有一个小微粒大。

youdao

But it is much harder to make an effective vaccine against ever-shifting flu viruses than for diseases like measles, polio and diphtheria.

NPR: Q&A: Weighing The Value Of Less Effective Flu Shot