On the second place, detailed analysis was implemented for the pipe end deformation process during mechanical expanding, and forming criterion was also obtained.
详细分析了管端机械扩径的变形过程，总结了机械扩径成形条件；
When we use the aluminium alloy pipe to make heat exchanger, we must use expanding. During that process the pipes usually become useless because of the end crack.
用铝合金管材制作散热器须进行扩口加工，其间往往会因为管材端部出现裂口而报废。
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