Simulation results and theoretical analysis show that the new period calculation method in this paper is robust? computationally simple and its accuracy of estimation is satisfactory.

理论分析和仿真结果表明，新算法具有较强的鲁棒性，其抗噪声及抗协波失真性能明显高于现有周期算法，且计算简单，精度令人满意。

youdao

If your first cash flow occurs at the beginning of the first period, the first value must be added to the NPV result, not be included in the NPV calculation.

如果第一个现金流出现在第一期的开始，则第一个值必须加到NPV结果中，而不是包含在NPV计算中。

youdao

When a time period is prescribed in days, months and years, the day on which the period begins shall not be counted as within the period; calculation shall begin on the next day.

规定按照日、月、年计算期间的，开始的当天不算入，从下一天开始计算。

youdao

This second, smaller, fine is for the period between the calculation of the original fine and Apple finally stopping the offending conduct.

FORBES: Links 23 Dec: Apple Fined Again, Samsung Could Be Fined $15 Billion

On the Russian side, better relations with America rest partly on Mr Putin's calculation that he needs a period of stability in foreign policy while he seeks to build up the Russian economy, and partly on his skill at extracting a quid for quos he had to concede anyway.

ECONOMIST: Europe and America

This calculation assumes a 25 year retirement period (age 67-92).

FORBES: Can You Afford Retirement?