"For us, it's just fun," said avian devotee Fred Bird, a past President of the Washington Ornithological Society who studies the little band of parakeets.

爱鸟者佛瑞德·伯德说。他是华盛顿鸟类学会前任会长，专门研究这一小群长尾小鹦鹉。

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Polygraphy tests do not detect lies, says Frank Horvath, past President of the American Polygraph Association. They detect physiological arousal to psychological stimuli.

“多波扫描器并不能测探到谎言，”美国多波图谱协会前会长弗兰克·霍法思说，“它只能探测到对于心理刺激所产生的生理应激。”

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The success of LifeGem is just one example of a radical shift in the funeral industry, said Mark Musgrove, immediate past president of the National Funeral Directors Association.

美国丧葬经理人协会刚刚退居二线的会长马克·马斯格罗夫说：“生命珍宝”公司的成功只是殡葬行业发生的极端变化中的一个事例而已。

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In the past, this expression was used as an argument to re-elect a president, especially during a time when the country was at war.

VOA: special.2009.07.12

President Obama is praising the Senate Finance Committee for passing a health care reform bill in the past week.

VOA: standard.2009.10.17

President Kagame is working to find a balance between the pull of the future and the weight of the past.

VOA: standard.2009.04.08

"We don't go out and target an industry, " says Idaho Attorney General Lawrence Wasden, the past president of NAAG.

FORBES: The House Tobacco Built

Martha Hill, immediate past president of the American Heart Association, is one of the apostles of such a notion.

ECONOMIST: Going, going . . . gone?

Supporters note that he is Western-educated, has lived abroad (his mother is half-Welsh) and, unlike every past president, is a civilian.

ECONOMIST: Change is bound to come, but when?