The substance was synthesized from P-hydroxybenzoic acid through three steps.

该物质以对羟基苯甲酸为原料，经三步合成。

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Like cayenne pepper, it has the ability to deplete nerve cells of substance p, a chemical that transmits pain signals to the brain, when used externally.

就像辣椒一样，外用时能消耗传送疼痛信号到大脑的神经细胞中一种称为P物质的化学物质。

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Over time, it short-circuits pain by depleting nerve cells of a chemical called substance p, which helps transfer pain signals along nerve endings to the brain.

随着时间的推移，它通过消耗神经细胞中一种叫做P物质(或称肽物质，一种神经传递介质)的化学物质来减轻疼痛，该物质使痛觉信号沿神经末梢传递至大脑。

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Collaborating with colleagues in the U.S. in the mid-1990s, the Terlings Park researchers were the first to show that substance P might play a role in depression, when they noticed that guinea pigs cried out in alarm when compounds similar to substance P were injected into their brains.

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For instance, Merck and Pfizer spent years trying to develop drugs that worked on a mysterious brain chemical called substance P.

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When they then gave the animals a compound that blocked substance P, they found that it also blocked the distress response.

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