File descriptors are low-level interfaces to input and output.

文件描述符是低层的输入和输出接口。

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For a programmer who is fascinated by the low-level details of programming, this is a powerful tool for studying the output of compilers and assemblers.

对于那些着迷于底层编程细节的程序员来说，这是一个功能非常强大的工具，可用于研究编译器和汇编器的输出。

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They are ultimately applied to the transformation of input data, which may be of low quality, into an output with a higher level of consistency and quality.

它们最终应用于输入数据的转换，这可能质量很低，得到具有较高一致性和质量的输出。

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As long as output remains below potential, inflation should continue to fall from its already low level.

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According to McKinsey, this local protectionism is the largest reason for the low productivity of Japanese retailing, with output per worker half the U.S. level.

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Transmitted volume was also a bit low, meaning we had to speak up to get the same level of output as compared to a few other handsets we tried.

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