There were no effects of open chest surgery upon anatomical dead space or metabolism of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

剖胸本身对解剖死腔和氧及二氧化碳代谢无重要影响。

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Robots should soon be able to perform cardiac surgery without the trauma and the potential risk of breaking open the chest and plugging the patient into a heart-bypass machine.

机器人很快就可以完成无损伤的心脏手术，不会因打开胸腔和使用心脏旁路机而造成危险。

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Blood gas analysis used to determine blood oxygen and carbon dioxide excretion function, ECG and cardiac ultrasound to confirm the ability to withstand open-chest heart surgery.

血气分析用以判断血中氧和二氧化碳的排泄功能，心电图和心脏超声检查以确认心脏能否承受开胸肺切除手术。

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Many problems that once required sawing through the breastbone and opening up the chest for open heart surgery now can be treated with a nip, twist or patch through a tube.

NPR: Heart Repair Breakthroughs Replace Surgeon's Knife

The idea is to relieve chest pain and perhaps prevent the need for open-heart surgery.

FORBES: Stent Safety Concerns Near Boiling Point