Vehicles spend a period of time in an Open Loop air-fuel ratio programming until the oxygen sensors heat up to proper operating temperature of approximately 316 degrees Celsius.
汽车需要在开环空燃比程序上花费一段时间以达到氧传感器的工作温度大约为316摄氏度。
Research on open loop control of BLDC driving air compressor;
研究非线性振动系统中混沌的开闭环控制问题。
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